They can also be used by wrapping them in a pillow case and placing them around the head, in the armpit area, and in the groin area. Be extremely cautious not to allow the ice to contact the skin. Place several layers of material between the skin and ice to prevent frostbite and check every few minutes to make sure you are not freezing the tissue. Symptoms of dehydration. It is very important to recognize the first dehydration symptoms and act before your state becomes serious.
Described below are the most common first symptoms of dehydration:. Dark urine with a very strong odor. Delayed capillary refill in fingernail beds. Trench line down center of tongue. When you overheat, your body starts to sweat. This may be good because naturally the body is trying to cool itself, but overtime too much sweat wastes your precious water supply. Open your jacket a little bit or remove an inner layer of your clothing.
Do not expose your body directly to the sun. Find time to rest under a shaded area. It can also decrease the volume of air between the layers, which reduces the cooling value. Solar Radiation. On Earth, solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the sun is above the horizon. This is during daytime, and also in summer near the poles at night, but not at all in winter near the poles.
When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, combining the perception of bright white light sunlight in the strict sense and warming. The warming on the body and surfaces of other objects is distinguished from the increase in air temperature.
Increased solar rays could possibly happen here on Earth, and you need to do what ever necessary to stay out of the Sun during the day. Previously mentioned, make sure to stay out of direct sunlight, or if you feel immediate warming to your skin you need to seek cover. This will not protect you fully but lessen the amount of radiation you receive.
Seek your shelter; preferably a cave or underground structure will help with the defense. Put on your PPE if you need to venture out during the day see the next chapter. In the next few years, polar reversal will take place on earth. The science can only be explained by the fact that the earth will start rotating in the opposite direction, together with a huge disaster of unknown proportions. Or the poles could actually shift positions by a few miles which would still cause unwanted disasters.
See previous disasters which would be caused by this shift minus the asteroids. After a disaster, you may have to protect your home and belongings from looters. A tsunami is a series of destructive and very dangerous waves that result from earthquake activity or some other type of underwater disturbance meteorite, landslide, underwater volcanic activity etc. In order to survive a tsunami, you must be prepared, vigilant, and calm. Your at risk if :.
Your home, school, or workplace is in a coastal region, near the sea. The elevation of your home, school or workplace is at sea level or fairly low and on flat. There are warning signs indicating that your area is prone to tsunamis.
Your home, school, workplace etc. Prepare in advance. If your research demonstrates that you are at risk, prepare both an evacuation plan and your survival stash. Natural warnings can help to indicate the imminent arrival of a tsunami. Be aware that in many cases, these may be the only warnings you will get in the coming years.
Be self-responsible and keep you and your family, friends and colleagues safe. Natural signs that herald the possibility of a coming tsunami include:. An earthquake: If you live in a coastal zone by the sea , the occurrence of an earthquake should be immediate cause for alarm and evasive action.
A rapid rise and fall in coastal waters. If the sea suddenly recedes, leaving bare sand, this is a major warning sign that there is about to be a sudden surge of water inland. Watch for animals leaving the area or behaving abnormally, such as trying to seek human shelter or grouping together in ways they would not normally do. If a tsunami is likely to make landfall on your coastal region, react immediately.
Put into place the Evacuation Plan. Move immediate movement away from the coast, lagoons or other bodies of water next to the coast is essential.
Head inland: This means going up to higher ground and even into hills or mountains. Climb high: If you cannot head inland because you are trapped, head up. Although not ideal, if this is your only option, choose a high, sturdy and solid building and climb up it. Go as high as you possibly can, even onto the roof or sturdy trees. React quickly if you are stranded in the water. If you did not manage to evacuate but find yourself caught up in the tsunami, there are things that you can do to try and survive:.
Grab onto something that floats. Keep away for at least half a day, if not longer. A tsunami comes in waves. Try to get reliable information. Go into survival mode and be prepared for anything else that could happen, do not let your guard down. Electricity Shortage. We have lived without it in the past, and we can live without it now.
That is simple to say when we rely so heavily on the use of electricity. It just make our lives that much easier, so in the event of a disaster and after you have made it to a safe haven, it is time now to review the basics.
Generators are a good way to provide energy, but awfully hard to lug around and are dependant upon a natural resource that may or may not be readily available. So you should plan for the worst, break out the matches.
Alien Invasion. At the time this survival guide was written, there is no information on how to maintain your existence if alien invaders showed up to visit.
With that said, Online recommends hiding. The ability to construct and know how to make a fire can make the difference between life and death in a survival situation. Fire making is one of the most vital survival skills.
You should practice and learn different methods so you know how to start a fire anywhere, and under any condition. A fire can fulfill several needs. It can keep you warm and dry. You can use it to cook food, purify water and to sterilize bandages.
It can scare away dangerous animals and its smoke can keeps flying insects at bay. To make a fire you have to understand that there are three components needed: air, heat and fuel. The correct ratio of these components is very important for a fire to burn at its greatest capability. You will have to decide what site and arrangement to use. Before building a fire consider:. The area terrain and climate in which you are operating.
The materials and tools available. Time: how much time you have. Need: why you need a fire. Security: do you want unwanted attention. Look for a dry spot that:. Is protected from the wind. Is suitably placed in relation to your shelter if any. Will concentrate the heat in the direction you desire. Has a supply of wood or other fuel available.
If you are in a wooded or brush-covered area, clear the brush and scrape the surface soil from the spot you have selected. Clear a circle at least 1 meter in diameter so there is little chance of the fire spreading. If time allows, construct a fire wall using logs or rocks. This wall will help to reflector direct the heat where you want it. It will also reduce flying sparks and cut down on the amount of wind blowing into the fire. However, you will need enough wind to keep the fire burning. In some situations, you may find that an underground fireplace will best meet your needs.
It conceals the fire and serves well for cooking food. To make an underground fireplace:. Dig a hole in the ground. On the upwind side of this hole, poke or dig a large connecting hole for ventilation. Build your fire in the hole. Use a battery to generate a spark. Use of this method depends on the type of battery available. Attach a wire to each terminal. Touch the ends of the bare wires together next to the tinder so the sparks will ignite it.
Flint and Steel. The direct spark method is the easiest of the primitive methods to use. The flint and steel method is the most reliable of the direct spark methods. Strike a flint or other hard, sharp-edged rock edge with a piece of carbon steel stainless steel will not produce a good spark. This method requires a loose-jointed wrist and practice. When a spark has caught in the tinder, blow on it. The spark will spread and burst into flames.
The fire-plow is a friction method of ignition. You rub a hardwood shaft against a softer wood base. To use this method, cut a straight groove in the base and plow the blunt tip of the shaft up and down the groove.
The plowing action of the shaft pushes out small particles of wood fibers. Then, as you apply more pressure on each stroke, the friction ignites the wood particles. A small shelter which is insulated from the bottom, protected from the elements and contains a fire is extremely important in your survival situation.
Before building your shelter be sure that the surrounding area provides the materials needed to build a good fire, and a good water source. Wilderness shelters may include :. Natural shelters such as caves and overhanging cliffs. When exploring a possible shelter tie a piece of string to the outer mouth of the cave to ensure you will be able to find your way out. Keep in mind that these caves may already be occupied.
If you do use a cave for shelter, build your fire near its mouth to prevent animals from entering. Enlarge the natural pit under a fallen tree and line it with bark or tree boughs. Near a rocky coastal area, build a rock shelter in the shape of a U, covering the roof with driftwood and a tarp or even seaweed for protection.
First Aid. If an accident occurs in the wilderness it will be your responsibility to deal with the situation. The specific sequence of actions when dealing with this situation is:. Remain calm, providing your patient with quiet, efficient first aid treatment. Keep the person warm and lying down. Do not move this injured person until you have discovered the extent of the injuries.
Start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately if the injured person is not breathing. Watch carefully for signs of shock. Check for cuts, fractures, breaks and injuries to the head, neck or spine. Do not allow people to crowd the injured person. Do not remove clothing unless it is imperative. Decide if the person can be moved to a proper medical facility.
If this is not possible, prepare a suitable living area in which shelter, heat and food are provided. Shock is a depression of all of the body processes and may follow any injury regardless of how minor. Factors such as hemorrhage, cold and pain will intensify shock. When experiencing shock the patient will feel weak and may faint. The skin becomes cold and clammy and the pulse, weak and rapid. Shock can be more serious than the injury itself. Use the following method to prevent and control shock:.
This will help the blood circulate to the brain, heart, lungs and other major organs. If severe head and chest injuries are present elevate the upper body. If chest injuries are present, elevate the injured side to assist in the functioning of the uninjured lung. Keep your patient warm and under shelter. Stopped Breathing. If breathing has stopped, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the neck elevated; pinch the nostrils to prevent air leakage. Place your mouth completely around the person.
How to survive in a situation when some major crisis occurs and leave everybody without electricity for months or even years? The electricity has only been a common household item in the last 50 or so years.
Before that, people have survived for ages — so a lack of electricity for any duration of time is something that can be overcome. But for most modern Americans, the loss of power means the complete loss of normalcy. How do you cook a meal if your gas stove has an electric ignition?
How do you keep warm if your wood heat is moved through ducts by an electric fan? What do you do with a freezer full of expensive meat? How do you find out what is happening in your area with the TV and radio silent?
What will you drink if your water comes from a system dependent on electrical pumps? These are questions that both the Red Cross and Federal Emergency Management Agency are asking people to seriously consider. There are five primary areas that are easily disrupted if the power goes off. Each of these is critical to daily survival, as well, so when making preparations for emergencies keep these in mind.
Candlelight dinners were the norm. So candles or oil lamps and matches are one option. Stock up on oil and have enough candles to get you through the catastrophic event. However they are limited in quantity. After doomsdays in you probably will need to learn how to make candles or lamps by yourself from the natural products.
Another option is to purchase a couple of solar or mechanically powered torches. For example, solar powered lamps. They are typically small fluorescents, and can be run off of battery systems. It may take more than one day of bright sunlight to recharge these lamps, so you may need several—one to use, while others are recharging. The light is white and clear, good for area-lighting, and rather difficult to read by.
Have extra fluorescent bulbs on hand, too. Water If you have a rainwater tank, no electricity means that pumps would not work to bring the water to your tap. Sure, having a generator would be handy for a few days, or as long as you have fuel. The easiest way to guarantee quality water is to store it. The important question is: how much? This is an absolute minimum, and covers only your real drinking and cooking needs; bathing is out of the question. Another question is: how to get fresh water then the storage is empty?
You will need to find a source of water it must be filtered and purified before use. Cooking You could quite easily cook a meal using a little portable gas stove — either a barbeque style apparatus. Outdoor cooking of all kinds, including grilling and barbecuing, all work during surviving situations, provided you have the charcoal or wood and matches!
Never use these devices in a confined space, as they emit carbon monoxide! Not having electricity brings the added difficulty of food storage. The old time refrigerator is a round hole three feet deep. Dig it in your yard or special place in your bunker line it with plastic and place a hard cover over it. This hole will keep food from spoiling due to its lower temperature. Most foods would have to be non-perishable, pantry items. For meats you could salt and dry them also the life important skills after doomsdays Heating and cooling All of the heaters obviously need fuel.
It can be woodstoves, propane heaters, kerosene heaters… One of the most efficient ways to heat is something else we have forgotten in the past 50 years—close off rooms that are not being used.
Even in the dead of winter, the south-facing walls will feel noticeably warmer than the shaded north-facing ones. Ceramic floor tiles, for instance, are excellent at retaining heat. So will a flat-black painted covered plastic trash can filled with water. If these surfaces are exposed to sunlight, say, indoors next to a south-facing window, they will absorb heat during the day.
At night, with the window curtains closed, the surface will release heat slowly and steadily into the house. Communications It would be very hard to maintain the communication between a large numbers of people simultaneously without electricity after doomsdays of Communication relates to our phones, cell phones, televisions and the internet.
Radios would be the primary source of communication, as they were before television. There are some radios that you can buy which rely on solar or mechanically generated power to operate. Do you have heavy furniture that could topple over, such as bookcases, hanging plants or pictures and mirrors that might fall?
Find dangerous spots and safe zones in your own house. Define Your Safety Zone: against inside walls, under sturdy tables or desks, in stout doorways. These include: battery operated radio and extra batteries , flashlights and extra batteries , first aid kit, bottled water, two weeks food and medical supplies, blankets, cooking fuel, tools needed to turn off your gas, water and electric utilities.
Make sure that your family members know safe spots in the house and emergency procedures. Discuss with your family the types of disasters that could occur. Explain to your kids how to prepare and respond to each type of disaster. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. Stay away from anything that could conceivably fall on you. Move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you.
Stay in vehicle. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses, or under power lines, trees and large signs. If you are in a mountainous area watch out for falling rock, landslides, trees, and other debris that could be loosened by quakes. If a person is bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound and use clean gauze, or cloth if available.
If a person is not breathing administer CPR. Do not attempt to move seriously injured persons unless they are in further danger of injury. Cover the wounded with blankets to keep them warm. Seek medical help for serious injuries. If your building is badly damaged you should leave it until it has been inspected by a safety professional.
Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot insulation turn off electricity at the main fuse box or breaker. If you will have to step in water to turn off the electricity you should call a professional to turn it off for you. Also, be prepared for aftershocks. They are strong enough to topple more buildings, sever utility lines and hurt you hours, days, weeks — even months after the main quake.
If your house is in solid shape, stay indoors if an aftershock hits. Do not: Do not turn on the gas and Do not use matches lighters, camp stoves, barbecues, electrical equipment or any appliances until you are sure there are no gas leaks. Do not expect firefighters, police or paramedics to definitely be there for you. They may not be available. Do not use your telephone, except for a medical or fire emergency.
You could tie up the lines needed for emergency response. You never know when an earthquake is going to happen. The best you can do is to prepare yourself and your family before the tragedy comes to your house. Surviving mega tsumis PART In this article we are going to look at eyewitness accounts from survivors and some survival tips that luckily will help somebody to survive mega-tsunami in Dec The largest recorded tsunami was a wave feet tall in Lituya Bay, Alaska.
The force of the wave removed all trees and vegetation from elevations as high as feet meters above sea level. This picture shows wave damage at about seven miles Millions of trees were uprooted and swept away by the wave. This is the highest wave that has ever been known. There were human witnesses to the catastrophic event. Unfortunately, one of the boats was close to shore and the huge waves overtook it killing the two people on board.
Ulrich Mr. Ulrich and his 7-year-old son, on the Edrie, entered Lituya Bay about p. Ulrich was awakened by the violent rocking of the boat, noted the time, and went on deck to watch the effects of the earthquake-described as violent shaking and heaving, followed by avalanching in the mountains at the head of the bay. It was not a wave at first.
It was like an explosion, or a glacier sluff. The wave came out of the lower part, and looked like the smallest part of the whole thing. The wave did not go up 1, feet, the water splashed there. Being unable to get the anchor loose, he let out all of the chain about 40 fathoms and started the engine.
Midway between the head of the bay and Cenotaph Island the wave appeared to be a straight wall of water possibly feet high, extending from shore to shore. The wave was breaking as it came around the north side of the island, but on the south side it had a smooth, even crest. As it approached the Edrie the wave front appeared very steep, and 50 to 75 feet high. No lowering or other disturbance of the water around the boat, other than vibration due to the earthquake, was noticed before the wave arrived.
The anchor chain snapped as the boat rose with the wave. The boat was carried toward and probably over the south shore, and then, in the backwash, toward the center of the bay. The wave crest seemed to be only 25 to 50 feet wide, and the back slope less steep than the front. After the giant wave passed the water surface returned to about normal level, but was very turbulent, with much sloshing back and forth from shore to shore and with steep, sharp waves up to 20 feet high.
These waves, however, did not show any definite movement either toward the head or the mouth of the bay. After 25 to 30 minutes the bay became calm, although floating logs covered the water near the shores and were moving out toward the center and the entrance. After the first giant wave passed Ulrich managed to keep the boat under control, and went out the entrance at p. Account of William A.
Swanson Mr. Swanson on the Badger entered Lituya Bay about p. Swanson was wakened by violent vibration of the boat, and noted the time on the clock in the pilot house. Swanson next noticed the wave climb up on the south shore near Mudslide Creek.
As the wave passed Cenotaph Island it seemed to be about 50 feet high near the center of the bay and to slope up toward the sides. No lowering or other disturbance of the water around the boat was noticed before the wave arrived.
The Badger, still at anchor, was lifted up by the wave and carried across La Chaussee Spit, riding stern first just below the crest of the wave, like a surfboard. Swanson looked down on the trees growing on the spit, and believes that he was about 2 boat lengths more than 80 feet above their tops.
The wave crest broke just outside the spit and the boat hit bottom and foundered some distance from the shore. Looking back 3 to 4 minutes after the boat hit bottom Swanson saw water pouring over the spit, carrying logs and other debris. He does not know whether this was a continuation of the wave that carried the boat over the spit or a second wave.
Swanson abandoned their boat in a small skiff, and were picked up by another fishing boat about 2 hours later. This information could save your life in case of megatsunami in Dec Share this knowledge with your relatives and friends; tell them about the possible global danger in It could save their lives as well! The second part of this article includes Tsunami Survival Tips.
Surviving a tsnumi PART First of all be aware of tsunami facts. This knowledge could save your life in case of megatsunami in Dec or in case of any disaster. Develop an evacuation plan: an evacuation plan must be prepared in advance to be of use. In developing one, consider your family, your workplace, your school and your wider community. If you are at home and hear there is a tsunami warning, you should make sure you entire family is aware of the warning.
Move in an orderly, calm and safe manner to the evacuation site or to any safe place outside your evacuation zone. Follow the advice of local emergency and law enforcement authorities. Never go down to the beach to watch for a tsunami! Tsunamis can move faster than a person can run. If you are at the beach or near the ocean and you feel the earth shake, move immediately to higher ground.
DO NOT wait for a tsunami warning to be announced. Stay away from rivers and streams that lead to the ocean as you would stay away from the beach and ocean if there is a tsunami. A regional tsunami from a local earthquake could strike some areas before a tsunami warning could be announced. Tsunamis generated in distant locations will generally give people enough time to move to higher ground.
For locally generated tsunamis, where you might feel the ground shake, you may only have a few minutes to move to higher ground. A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves. Approaching large tsunamis are usually accompanied by a loud roar that sounds like a train or aircraft. A small tsunami at one beach can be a giant a few miles away. The upper floors of these hotels can provide a safe place to find refuge should there be a tsunami warning and you cannot move quickly inland to higher ground.
Homes and small buildings located in low lying coastal areas are not designed to withstand tsunami impacts. Do not stay in these structures should there be a tsunami warning. Offshore reefs and shallow areas may help break the force of tsunami waves, but large and dangerous waves can still be threat to coastal residents in these areas.
Staying away from all low-lying coastal areas is the safest advice when there is a tsunami warning. Climb a sturdy tree. As a very last resort, if you find yourself trapped and unable to move inland or climb a high building, find a strong and tall tree and climb up it as high as you can.
There is a risk of trees being dragged under by the tsunami, however, so this really is a measure to be used only if all other alternatives have been rendered useless. The stronger the tree, the higher it will allow you to climb and the sturdier its branches for resting on you may be there for hours and the better chances you will have of surviving. React quickly if you are caught up in the water.
If you did not manage to evacuate but find yourself caught up in the tsunami for one reason or another, there are things that you can do to try and survive: take something that floats. Use a floating object as a raft to keep you above the water. Items that float such as tree trunks, doors, fishing equipment etc. Share this knowledge with your relatives and friends.
Teach children to recognize the signs of an impending tsunami. Think how to prepare yourself and survive the very possible global catastrophe in What is a gloabal flood? A mega tsunami is a huge wave starting from over 40 meters feet up to giants over meters ft tall.
Note that the waves are often much higher when they meet land, as the water often floods upwards from the force of impact. Mega tsunamis may be caused by rock fall and landslide phenomena, explosive volcanic events, or meteor impacts.
Underwater earthquakes do not normally generate such large tsunamis; typically tsunamis caused by earthquakes such as the Indian Ocean earthquake have a height of less than ten meters at the shore depending on how much water was displaced by the earthquake and on various natural factors such as tree cover and the general shore characteristics but can affect thousands of kilometers of coastline and reach many kilometers inland. A lot has been said about the catastrophe upon us in and what the likely effects of it will be.
But where can we hide to withstand the Polar Reversal, the mega-tsunamis, the solar radiation, nuclear destruction, earthquakes and volcanoes? The Mediterranean, as with any inland lake or sea, will not be exempt from the sloshing to and fro that occurs when the crust of the Earth shifts. The tidal waves may not reach the height of a wave that travels across the Pacific, but to those being washed over, this is scarce comfort. Where the inland lake or sea lies over a fault line, the change of waves generated by a sudden drop in the sea floor is also present.
Thus, the Mediterranean will present those along its shores with the same precarious state as those along the Atlantic or other oceans. Anticipate being at least feet meters above sea level and even when miles miles from shore , to be safe, and where near active or even inactive volcanoes, anticipate that exploding volcanoes will not be a safe place to be when attempting to escape tidal waves.
From nuclear danger perspective Europe is one of the most dangerous locations on the planet see the picture of nuclear facilities below. Europe has extensive arsenal of nuclear facilities and several volcanoes as well. The good news is that Europeans do have some areas that are safer than others and those are reachable by road unlike some other safe areas in lesser developed countries.
One of those safe locations is the Sierra Nevada , the southern mountain range known today for its most southern ski point in Europe. To survive, people need to fight for it, face many things. Most of the time, what. I've found free pdf versions of these that you can print out.
I've also added some other survival literature I've found during my search. Hope you'll enjoy these. You can also save them locally on your computer. Looks Americaismyname. You can eat purslane raw or boiled. Prickly Pear Cactus grows in the deserts of North America and, it is a very tasty and nutritional plant that can help you survive.
The fruit of the prickly pear cactus looks like a red or purplish pear. Event Biecek. The first edition of the novel was published in May 5th , and was written by Ann Arnold. The book was published in multiple languages including , consists of pages and is available in Paperback format. The main characters of this non fiction, world war ii story are ,. Private Seasonedcitizenprepper.
Over , copies of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory original edition of Nuclear War Survival Skills have been sold by various private publishers. A few additions and modifications, some helpful and others harmful,. Minecraft Bookszone. Data: Age number deaths in prob. Pharmacy Mypharmaguide. This book covers the ethics, laws, terminology, communication and physical assessments for Pharmacy school students.
Available Freedompreppers. From time to time, Prepper Authors will make their eBooks available for free download to your laptop, ipad or kindle.
As we learn of a free books for download or free pdf downloads of use to Preppers, we will make them available below. More items This wilderness survival book is not about charts and diagrams , it is about the very personal stories of the authors. The book is a journal of sorts that documents the two men and their experiences getting through a month long survival trip together. A survival guide can be defined as any book which provides you with all the details and instructions required for surviving in a difficult or extreme situation.
There are so many different types of survival books available today, each one catering to a different situation or condition. One of the most popular guides is for wilderness survival I a publishing them all here, free for anyone to read Estimated Reading Time: 40 secs. Monday 20th of January Estimated Reading Time: 1 min. Author: Gordon Korman. I've collected a bunch of free survival pdf links : Survival Found Reddit.
Ultimately, the primal survival Real Estate Show more. No matter how much we think … Estimated Reading Time: 8 mins. Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins. In survival and bushcraft books covering the four basic human necessities shelter, water, food and re , shelter will generally be the rst topic covered in … Real Estate Show more. Author: Chris Ryan. Building Your Real Estate Show more. Estimated Reading Time: 30 secs. Most of the time, what Real Estate Show more.
I've gathered links to free pdf. A few additions and modifications, some helpful and others harmful, Real Estate Show more. Survival Analysis Faculty. Authors: Ruth E. Nemire and Karen L. Taz I've saved and bookmarked all these.
Quite the list you've put up for us. Thanks for the work you put into this. Gardening Without Irrigation or without much, anyway. This is a old one but it might help. Sorry for the caps but I thought this was perfect to learn how to do.
Why Homestead Care so Important. These little cows are so cute. I am going to check into these. Forstchen Ph. Taz, this is a pretty good start for a very wide-ranging collection. Thanks for posting these. I only have a few more left so please if anyone else has any Please post them. I unleashed a monster!!!! Thanks Taz! Just doing my share of helping.
I always catch up when I hit the land of the living. I hope some of these links might help someone. Just giving you guys some info I have gathered up and please if anyone has anything to add please do. Taz I've got so much reading to do from all the stuff you've posted I'll be catching up for weeks or months. There is a ton of stuff in all that in so many catagories. Wow Taz. I just locked my laptop up downloading many of these to a usb stick so I can peruse them at my leisure.
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